NCO Respect free essay sample

Commissioned officers are direct representatives of the President. The President uses commissions as legal instruments to appoint and exercise direct control over qualified people who act as his legal agents and help him carry out duties. The Army retains this direct-agent relationship with the President through its commissioned officers. The commission serves as the basis for a commissioned officer’s legal authority. Commissioned officers command, establish policy, and manage Army resources. Warrant officers are highly specialized, single-track specialty officers who receive their authority from the Secretary of the Army upon their initial appointment. However, Title 10 USC authorizes the commissioning of warrant officers (WO1) upon promotion to chief warrant officer (CW2). These commissioned warrant officers are direct representatives of the President of the United States. They derive their authority from the same source as commissioned officers, but remain specialists in their field. Warrant officers can and do command detachments, units, activities, and vessels as well as lead, coach, train and counsel subordinates. We will write a custom essay sample on NCO Respect or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As leaders and technical experts, they provide valuable skills, guidance, and expertise to commanders and organizations in their particular field. Noncommissioned officers, the backbone of the Army, train, lead, and take care of enlisted soldiers. They also provide advice to officers in every aspect of unit operations. NCOs often represent officers and DAC leaders in their absence. They ensure their soldiers, along with their personal equipment, are prepared to function as effective unit and team members. While commissioned officers command, establish policy, and manage resources, NCOs conduct the Army’s daily business. Junior enlisted soldiers are where the rubber meets the road. Junior enlisted soldiers perform their duties to standard AND to the best of their ability. This means perfroming individual tasks identified by first line supervisors based on the unit’s mission essential task list (METL). All soldiers must be able to do those individual tasks to standard because that is where every successful operation begins—at the individual task level. Junior enlisted soldiers can seek help from first-line supervisors for problems they are unable to solve. Like every soldier in the Army, junior enlisted soldiers have a duty to obey the lawful orders of superiors. Even junior enlisted soldiers can make on-the-spot corrections—they shouldn’t walk by a deficiency without tactfully correcting the problem. That’s professionalism. Department of the Army civilians are members of the executive branch of the federal government and are a vital part of the Army. DACs fill positions in staff and base sustaining operations that might otherwise have to be filled by officers and NCOs. Senior DACs establish policy and manage Army resources, but they do not have the authority to command. The complementary relationship and mutual respect between the military and civilian members of the Army is a long-standing tradition. Since the Army’s beginning in 1775, military and civilian roles have stayed separate, yet necessarily related. Taken in combination, traditions, functions, and laws also help clarify duties of military and civilian members of the Army. Specified duties are those related to jobs and positions. Directives such as Army regulations, Department of the Army (DA) general orders, the Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ), soldier’s manuals, Army Training and Evaluation Program (ARTEP) or Mission Training Plan (MTP) publications, and Military Occupational Specialty (MOS) job descriptions specify the duties. They spell out what soldiers must do and the standards they must meet. Directed duties are not specified as part of a job position or MOS or other directive. A superior gives them orally or in writing. Directed duties include being in charge of quarters (CQ) or serving as sergeant of the guard, staff duty officer, company training NCO, and nuclear, biological and chemical (NBC) NCO where these duties are not found in the unit’s organizational charts. Implied duties often support specified duties, but in some cases they may not be related to the military occupational specialty (MOS) job position. These duties may not be written but implied in the instructions. They’re duties that improve the quality of the job and help keep the unit functioning at an optimum level. In most cases, these duties depend on individual initiative. They improve the work environment and motivate soldiers to perform because they want to, not because they have to. Responsibility is the legally established and moral obligation a soldier assumes for his own actions, accomplishments and failures. Leaders also assume responsibility for the actions, accomplishments, and failures of their units and decisions. Above all, the leader is responsible for accomplishing his assigned missions. Then, he is responsible for his soldiers’ health, welfare, morale, and discipline. The leader is responsible for maintaining and employing the resources of his force. In most cases, these responsibilities do not conflict. But sometimes they do. For example, SPC Hull has requested a three day pass, Friday through Sunday, because an old friend is visiting for the weekend. But Friday the company is going to the range to qualify on individual weapons. There is no other range time scheduled for the next three months. If such a conflict cannot be resolved, accomplishing the mission must come first. In the example, SPC Hull’s commander disapproves the pass. Related to responsibility is accountability. This is the requirement to answer to superiors (and ultimately the American people) for mission accomplishment, for the lives and care of assigned soldiers, and for effectively and efficiently using Army resources. It also includes an obligation to answer for properly using delegated authority. Leaders are accountable for what they do or fail to do. For example, SSG Calhoun must explain to the platoon leader and platoon sergeant why three tires on one of her squad’s vehicles are not inflated to the air pressure specified in the technical manual. Soldiers account for their actions to their fellow soldiers or organization, their leaders, the Army and the American people. Officers, NCOs, and DACs lead other officers, NCOs, junior enlisted soldiers, and DACs and help them carry out their responsibilities. Commanders set overall policies and standards, but all leaders guide, assist, and supervise subordinates, who assist and advise their leaders. Mission accomplishment demands that officers, NCOs and DACs work together to advise, assist and learn from each other.

comparing the earthquakes Essays

comparing the earthquakes Essays comparing the earthquakes Essay comparing the earthquakes Essay WHY WAS THE GUJARAT EARTHQUAKE MORE DESTRUCTIVE THAN THE SAN FRANCISCO EARTHQUAKE? In 1989 an earthquake hit San Francisco, on the west coast of USA, killing around 63 people. Twelve years later an earthquake hit Gujarat, in India. This time it killed approximately 20,000 people. In this report I will be comparing the two earthquakes, giving reasons why the Gujarat earthquake was so much more destructive than the one in San Francisco. An earthquake is a movement or tremor in the earths crust. Earthquakes happen all the time, but some are so weak that they cannot be felt. The San Francisco earthquake and the Gujarat earthquake were so powerful that the shaking of the ground caused the buildings to collapse and landslides to occur. In both earthquakes a lot of damage was done not Just to the buildings but to the people as well. In the San Francisco earthquake over 3000 people were injured and 13,000 people were left homeless this is a big impact but compared to the Gujarat it asnt. In the Gujarat earthquake 170. 000 people were injured and 1,000,000 were left homeless. The damage cost $4 billion in the Gujarat earthquake but in the San Francisco it cost $7 billion. This is mainly because India is a poorer country compared to the USA. We can know this because of the average wage in each country. WHY WAS THE GUJARAT EARTHQUAKE MORE DESTRUCTIVE THAN THE SAN FRANCISCO EARTHQUAKE? to the USA. We can know this because of the average wage in each country.

Literature discussion on Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Paine and Thomas Essay

Literature discussion on Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Paine and Thomas Jefferson - Essay Example His belief that theory should be tested chiefly by experience - not logic - also reflects the belief of his age that reason should be tested pragmatically. His works reflect the growing awareness of America as a country with values and interests distinct from those of England. In the later eighteenth century, ethnic and religious traditions were shed and in their place a national identity based on shared ideas was embraced. This was seen by many progressive intellectuals as ways to free the individual from the constricting hand of the repressive past. Franklin's writings were influential in this regard. Writing in the first person is a technique that Thomas Paine effectively used as a writer. With it, he was able to spread his views. Paine was considered a radical pamphleteer as he had anticipated and helped stir up the American Revolution through his powerful writings. For example, it was common sense to support the colonies in their fight with England and to this effect he put out a small pamphlet, Common Sense. The purpose was to effect a powerful change in the minds of many men, and won, at a critical time, a number of American colonists over to the cause of independence. Yes, Paine is forthright in his writings. He wrote of human conditions that meant little to anyone in those years.

Edgar Allan Poe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Edgar Allan Poe - Essay Example However his solitude would have been the inspiration for him to come up with classics of global class. This assumption was made from the fact that he was orphaned in the age of two and was deprived of the love and care of his parents at times he deserved it the most. Moreover the destiny of sorrow and suffering had followed him thoroughly all along his life. Being brought up as an orphan, the solitude didn’t leave him even in his adulthood. His wife Virginia Clemm, whom he married in 1936, left this world leaving him alone not so long after their marriage (Liukkonen P ,2008). The first collection of Edgar Allan Poe’s works was published in 1840. The collection tilted Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque, had in it one of his work of high fame, The Fall of the House of Usher. This narrated the sorrow of one of his friend and conveyed the author’s compassion towards his friend. The next one in the row was ‘In Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym (1838)’ which was one of his longest works. This masterpiece was again a tragic story but contained mesmerizing innovations dealing with the tribes in the Antarctic Circle. The next year Allan Poe brought out ‘The Conchologists First Boo’k which proved to be a historic best seller. The linguistic skill of the artist was impeccably confirmed in this piece of art, as this work was really a retrieval of a work by Thomas Wyatt which proved to be a market failure. The Raven, which preached love was published in 1845 and brought national fame for the writer. Interestingly, this poem also spoke of sentimental feelings as the main theme was on a lost love. Probably, the tragedies that happened in his life and the cruel destiny that kept snatching the loved ones from the author’s life would have inspired this beauteous work (Liukkonen P ,2008). The factor that inspired me in the artistic works of Edgar Allan Poe is the positive energy he has

Victory and the Blight Essay Example for Free

Victory and the Blight Essay Victory and the blight, is written by Trinidadian author Earl Lovelace and is a simple tale about a man who lives in Rio Claro, a village in Trinidad. His story is about Victory, a barber, who takes pride and pleasure in his job. Victory, begins his day, by finding his friend Braun and a stranger at his barber shop, even before it has opened for the day. He thinks to himself that this stranger is going to be blight or a stain on his day. Victory is a man who doesn’t believe in taking the short way but believes that things must be done in a smooth process. He also believes in doing his job right, hence his choice of scissors and razor over the clippers. This is also clearly evident in the manner in which he prepares for a haircut and completes the job His barbering skills are a reflection of his attitude and approach to life. The pictures on the walls of Victory’s shop show his interest in sports and there are also pictures of Victory, the winner of long and high jump prizes. As the story continues readers come to know of Victory’s club, the Wanderers, a cricket team, and of the members who are soon to leave it. We also learn of his passion for the sport. As the bench on which Braun and the stranger, Ross, sit collapses he realizes that Ross like him is also a sportsman and also a man who knows what he wants. The story on one level describes a simple incident in a barber shop and Victory’s way of living life. It also speaks of how leaving your homeland changes things, ‘as if they were never there’.

The Impact Of Oil Spills Biology Essay

The Impact Of Oil Spills Biology Essay An oil spill can be defined as the accidental release of liquid petroleum hydrocarbon into the surroundings or the environment due to human activity. An oil spill is a form of pollution that has devastating effects on the environment. The term oil spill is sometimes used to refer to marine oil spills where there is a release of oil into the ocean, coastal waters or any other water body. On the land the oil spills are usually restricted and their impact can be eliminated quite easily compared to marine oil spills. The main cause of marine oil spills is associated with the oil transportation by tankers and oil pipes which makes up of about 70 percent of all the oil spills. The remaining percent of oil spills comes from offshore drilling, wells and spills of refined petroleum products such as petrol and diesel and also their by products. The occurrence of large and catastrophic spills that can release up to 30,000 tons of oil or even more is relatively rare. The frequency of such events in recent times had gone down perceptibly. But this took a different turn when we experienced the worse and largest oil spill ever recorded in history, the deep water horizon oil spill also known as the Gulf of Mexico oil spill or the BP oil spill. Though some oil spills may not be as extensive or worse like the BP oil spill they still possess the capability to cause serious ecological risks to sea birds and mammals. The result is the long term environmental disturbances that occur in coastal zones. Oil spills also have an impact on the economic activities of the people that depend on the sea for a livelihood. Public outcry over oil spills has led to the coming up of impressive technical, political and also legal experiences in managing oil spills. Causes There are various factors that can lead to oil spills which range from accidents, carelessness to deliberate dumping. Tanker accidents are one of the popular causes of oil spills. Tankers can sometimes crash or run into un- expected land causing a crack or hole that allows oil to escape. They are highly publicized by the media and they release large volumes of oil into the oceans. Globally only a small percentage of oil spills occur as a result of tanker accidents such as explosions, hull failure, running aground or even collisions. Tanker accidents result in oil spills that are very harmful because of the large volumes of oil released at once. This poses a serious threat to the lives of marine animals and also sea birds. The spillage of oil due to a loading or unloading problem is another category of tanker accidents. This kind of spillage is the most frequent of the oil spills. Statistics show that between 1974 and 1998 there were 3,000 such accidents. However in comparison to acci dents caused by collisions or groundings, their destruction is relatively minor. Another cause of oil spills that is very common is known as runoff from the land. Engines that are land based e.g. car engines function on petroleum fuel and also petroleum based lubricants. The engines slowly release these substances leading to their accumulation on roads and in the ground. These minor everyday spills and leaks of oil from automobiles end up poisoning the soil. The motor oil can also find its way down through storm drains into sewers which drain into rivers and eventually out into the sea. Natural seepage is another cause of oil spills especially in the oceans. When the earthà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s tectonic plates move sometimes they release oil from the reserves trapped deep within the ocean floor. Human activities in the ocean such as drilling can also accelerate natural seepage. Natural seepage rarely happens on land and when it does ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s not much of a concern. The reason why natural seepage is disastrous to the ocean is because of the fact that oil is less dense than water, thus when released by the undersea tectonic disturbances it will always float leading to major oil spills. Oil extraction is another cause of oil spill. As oil is extracted from underground reserves it is often spilled in land and also in the sea depending on where it is been extracted from. To test a newly tapped oil well, the oil is allowed to flow out forming a geyser of oil spewing into the sky and all of that oil is allowed to spill. Accidents also do occur regularly in the oil extraction wells resulting in spillage (Stille 7) Oil shipping trucks and pipelines are another cause for oil spills. Pipelines that transport oil underground can develop cracks and leaks over a period of time which allows oil to flow into the environment. These leaks can be as a result of natural catastrophes such as hurricanes and earthquakes. They can also result from poor maintenance resulting in structural failure or from deliberate vandalism and attacks. Tanks or oil shipping trucks can be involved in road accidents thereby instigating an oil spill. Majority of this causes are as a result of human error or carelessness which fall under controlled factors. Oil spills may also occur due to machinery breakdowns, illegal dumping of oil and also intentional spillages. Effects Oil spills can have an impact on the environment, the economy, health and also the society as a whole. These effects can be long lasting and hard to get away with. Many oil spills have been documented in the scientific and technical literature though not all of the effects of oil pollution are completely understood and documented, an indication of the possible scale duration of damage can usually be found in the information available. However it can also be difficult to present a balanced view of the realities of oil spills given the fact that they are highly charged. Also the emotional nature of a spill and its aftermath can bring difficulties. Oil spills result in both immediate and long term damage to the environment. Some of the damages that oil spills cause on the environment can last for decades after the spill occurs. There are various notable effects caused by oil spills on the environment. Harsh effects that oil has on the coastline or shoreline are the highly visible parts of an oil spill. Unless a concerted effort to clean up the shoreline is made the oil basically stays on the shore until the weather and time breaks it down a process that is extremely slow. The gooey mass that makes up an oil slick will litter the shoreline with an ugly black tar making it very dangerous since the shoreline is where much marine life is concentrated. Shorelines provide nurseries for fish and marine life, by contaminating the shoreline the oil possess a threat and are dangerous to the marine life in the area (walker 20). Marine mammals such as dolphins, seals, whales and sea otters are killed by oil spills. The damage done to these animals can take different forms. The blow holes of whales of dolphins and whales are sometimes blocked by the oil making it hard for these animals to breathe properly and also to communicate effectively. Oil also coats the fur of otters and seals leaving them vulnerable to hypothermia. If the animals are able to escape these immediate effects the oil spill causes damage to their food supply by contaminating it. When the animals eat fish that has been poisoned by the oil spill they die or experience other problems. Oil spills take a deadly blow on the fish, shellfish and any other marine life. Sea birds are largely affected by oil spills and are seen as among some of the most vulnerable animals of open seas. Any oil spill in the ocean offers a death sentence to the sea birds. Some may relocate if they sense danger on time. However birds that dive into the waters for their food or gather on the sea surface are faced with the danger of being covered with oil. Most of the sea birds die from drowning, starvation and also from loss of body heat due to the destruction of the birdà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s feathers by oil. Some birds also die after ingesting oil during attempts to clean themselves. Oil spills leave long term damage to animal species, their habitats, nesting and breeding grounds that these animals need for their survival. This is one of the most far devastating environmental effects of oil spills. Though some species spend their lives at sea such as turtles they always come ashore to lay their eggs. Oil can harm these creatures if they encounter it either on the beaches where they nest or at sea. The eggs will be destroyed by the oil and fail to develop properly. Oil spill will have an effect on the economy in a negative way. The impact can range from loosing oil through the cost of cleaning and also the cost incurred due to lost productivity in certain industries due to the damage of shorelines and beaches. Direct economic costs brought about by oil spills can include the actual loss of oil from the spill. These direct costs will be small if the spill is small. In the case of a larger spill the costs will be much higher. The damage to the wildlife brought about by the oil spill will bring about costs incurred while cleaning the birds. The cost in lost fisheries will be another cost brought about by oil spills. Oil spills destroy beaches leading to a loss in tourism in areas where beaches and nearby oceans cannot be accessed. This leads to lower tourist revenues. Cleaning an oil spill is an expensive job and will take a heavy economic toll on the company spilling the oil and also its insurers (Nardo 33). During an oil spill the clean up the workers come into contact with chemicals that are hazardous to human health. Research has shown an increase in respiratory symptoms, headaches, eye irritation and skin problems among the clean up workers. Mental studies done to people exposed to oil spills reveal that these individuals are likely to suffer from anxiety, post traumatic stress and also depression. Studies reveal an increase in DNA damage in people exposed to oil spills. Other potential long term risks to human health as a result of oil spills include lung, kidney and liver damage. The society will also suffer from an oil spill in that they will be loss of jobs due to the destruction of various industries by the oil spill. This leads to many families going without food and also some people may be mentally affected by the sudden loss of job. Due to the health issues that arise due to oil spills, families may find themselves with sick people to cater for which they had not expected (Al azraki). Solutions Solutions are needed on ways in which we can deal with the devastating effects of oil spills. As we have seen oil spills do much damage to the environment, Human health and also the economy. Some of the ways to deal with an oil spill include skimming which happens to be a popular method. It involves cleaning oil spills by skimming the oil from the water using skimming equipment with fine filtering instruments. The oil spill will first be contained using booms, after which the oil that has collected into a slick is skimmed from the surface. Another method that offers solution to the problem is natural degradation. If oil does not pose a threat to the shoreline or the marine life the best way to deal with the spill is to allow the oil to break on its own. The use of dispersants is another method that can offer solutions. These are chemicals (dispersants) that break down the tension that keeps water and oil separated. The oil will collect in smaller droplets and sink allowing greater na tural breakdown. Another method that can be of help is to release biological agents into the water to help bring about breakdown. These agents include nitrogen and phosphorous which promote bacteria in the water helping the oil to disperse and breakdown naturally. Measures taken Oil spill prevention can pose a challenge, but there are measures that can be adopted that can either prevent oil spills from happening altogether or they can provide a degree of damage control. These will require preparedness and also continuous improvement in each and every phase of operation where oil is produced, transported, stored or even marketed. Oil exploration and production facilities should adopt advanced technologies, materials and also practices. They should also ensure that they have multi backup systems for support in case of anything. Oil pipelines will employ computers, electromagnetic tools and also ultrasonic devices that will help in detecting weak spots on the pipe so that they can be repaired before a leak develops. Compared to years before marine vessels and terminals are being designed differently compared, tankers now are being built with double hulls. The storage tanks are being constructed with special materials so as to avoid corrosion. These prevention m easures are not only in the oil industry but consumers also play an important role in ensuring that oils and other fuels are out of the environment. They are expected to observe proper handling methods and disposal practices (zdrazil) Conclusion In conclusion we know that oil plays a vital role in our lives which means that life as we know it would be hard without oil. Despite this oil spills have devastating effects on our environment, health and also economy leading to many of us calling for an alternative source of energy that can replace oil. Before a replacement for oil is discovered, human beings will have to continue to enjoy the benefits offered by oil and also suffer from the effects of oil such oil spills.

Control and college students Essay

Locus of control refers to an individual’s perception about the underlying main causes of events in his or her life either in general or in specific are such as health or academics. This basically implies our thoughts control our actions, when this executive function of thinking is realized it positively affects our beliefs, motivation and academic performance. It can be internal where a person believes that they control themselves or external that they are controlled by their environment, some higher power or other people control them. If a person has an internal locus of control, that person attributes his success to his efforts and abilities. The development of locus of control stems from family, culture and the past experiences that leads to rewards. Most internals come from families that focused on efforts, education and responsibility. On the other hand eternal come from families of low social economic status where there is a lack of life control. Developing an external locus of control is an adaptive response to living in prolonged circumstances without control. Research has shown that people are likely to develop internal locus of control if they life in family environments characterized by warmth, protection and nurturance. It may not a surprise that people who have faced trauma or are living with right now have external locus of control. Locus of control influences the life of an individual in all aspects academically, socially and also financially. These are the determinants of the quality of life. Locus of control and college students Academically, a person who expects to pass will be motivated to learn; will seek in formation and likely to have good study habits and a positive academic attitude. A person with an external locus of control attributes his success to luck or fate and makes less effort to learn. He will experience anxiety because he believes he is not in control of his life. The students with an internal locus of control have better adjustments to college in term of academic achievement and social adjustment. This is caused by a strong inner being and the understanding that he has an upper hand in his life. They are able to live with people from all walks of life because they know what can affect them is the decisions they themselves make. They are not subject to the ideas of the multitudes they are able to put a clear distinction between what they want in life and what the society dictates to them (Njus & Brockway, 1999). A study found that college students with a high internal locus of control did well in distance learning. They enjoy learning situations that require a certain amount of independence from the learner. They are able to put effort in their studies because they believe they can make it no matter the situations they face. This inner drive and self confidence in these students motivates them to do even better though they have to work extra hard (Dille & Mezack, 1991). For students with an internal locus of control, they must attribute their success to their efforts. They have to develop an individualized learning plan that includes their goals and how to achieve them. It also contains a time frame and the outcome they expect. On the other hand students with an external locus control, they were likely to withdraw from their courses. They are also correlated with failure though it may not be very significant. These students need a lot of encouragement and guidance from the tutors. This makes their success a matter of combined efforts with the reluctance of the tutor these students face difficulties in finding success which is highly affected and threatened (Pugliese, 1994). Female college students are more inclined to take responsibility for failure. Male students tend to attribute their failure to external or unstable causes while the female attributes their failure to internal causes which appears to be an over simplification. Female students are fond of blaming themselves on issues of failure more compared to male students. This has been known to cause stress during exams and a lot of tension which affects their performance negatively. Male students have been found to associate their failure to lack of efforts more as compared to female students. Locus of control is highly associated with stress levels, emotional resilience and need for achievement. Locus of control cannot be separated from the ability to be embarrassed. Differences in embarrassment are highly determined by the locus of control. Embarrassment is a form of social anxiety that occurs when a person’s public identity in a particular situation is threatened. The individuals possessing an internal locus of control have a higher embarassability than those with an external locus. The individuals with internal locus of control take everything that happens to them upon themselves hence their failures are points of much embarrassments (Robinson 1991). Deeming control over events in ones life may not led to a superior lifestyle. When an individual tries to change a situation that is unchangeable it causes frustration, disappointment, and depression. When the forces from outside takes the control of behavior consequences, the most realistic and healthy approach is an external orientation (Hock, 2001). In the light of this matter people with an internal locus of control will feel they control the events that occur in their live. It is possible that the responsibility of controlling what happens will turn to guilt when undesirable situations arise. This will cause this individuals play there games cool and also be very careful with the decisions they make for the fear of being embarrassed (Hock, 2001). The students with an internal locus of control have high levels of personal responsibilities and are likely to experience many changes of interest. This will be due to fear of failure because mostly they never come in to terms with failure. As long as these individuals are internally motivated and convinced that whatever they want to engage in will make their ego or self esteem increase they will go for it. Out of a research it was found that internal locus of control positively relates to confidence, behavior intent and actual behavior concerning weight loss. If these individuals believe that smoking would their weight prohibiting weight gain, appetite change, and reduced weight they would opt to go for it (Holt, Clark, and Kreutzer, 2001). The internal focus of control and the family structure it also appears to be reasonable to believe that career goals and reasonable behavior are signs of adjustment. There is a reasoning that students who become leaders might aspire to more prestigious careers that might further testify to their psychological and social adjustment. The purpose of the study was also to address the question of the variables that are related to the leadership behavior which seems to clearly signify the adjustment. There was an assessment of independent and combined esteem of self esteem of focus control carrier goals leadership behavior and family structure. Those students who were identified being high in leadership potential seemed to be higher in self esteem. Had internal focus of control and would have more carrier aspirations and would have two biological parent family compared to those who had an external focus of control (Haworth & Iso-Ahola, 1997). Almost every college or university claims that their campus has a drinking problem. More police may be released during the evening hours so as to discourage drinking among students. Programs are implemented trying to teach students about safe ways to drink alcohol and to recognize alcohol related problems. In all these situations the campus and the students try to reduce the behavior of drinking. When discussing norms one should differentiate between descriptive norms and the inductive norms. The descriptive norms describe actual behavior e. g. the behavior of drinking alcoholic beverages. An inductive norm would represent approval of the drinking behavior. In 2003 Borsari and Bosari had conducted meta-analysis concerning the effects of inductive norms along with the normative norms in relation to drinking behaviors in college and any other discrepancies, which involves the differences in beliefs between self and judgments of others (Haworth & Iso-Ahola, 1997). Someone with an internal locus of control will most likely believe in working to be a good person so that they can reach a higher spiritual state. It has been seen that college students with high level of religiosity also have high academic achievements and are mostly those with in internal locus of control. Believing in the faith influences everyday life and perception of being a good student which has great implications to locus of control. External locus of control has been described as individuals attributing life events to luck, fate or external forces. In deed external locus of control has been found to correlate with belief in superstitious phenomena. Locus of control, optimism and self esteem are good indicators of well being. People with high internal locus of control tend to be happier and able to deal with life difficulties in a healthier way. People with low self esteem will tend to explain any success they have by attributing it to luck rather than their own abilities. While those with high self esteem will associate it to qualities within themselves. It can be attributed with the fact that they make decisions and they are ready to pay the cost for the consequences. The students with an internal locus of control are able to adjust to changes and can modify their way of life to suit the current environment to prevent the environment from dictating the outcome of their efforts. People with internal locus of control spend much time focusing in the positive things and can take risk to self disclosure. They will always appear confident and persuasive; they are very out spoken and have a lot of influence to the rest of the students. Their ideal seems always superior and they will force them into actions. They are more innovative in efforts to attain more fame out of their achievements. They are risk takers in all fields that can make them acquire fame and priority. They are focused and mostly have a very liberal way of life. They plan ahead mostly they appear stress free but they are highly affected by things fame and excellence but not other aspects of life (Haworth. John & Iso-Ahola. S (1997). Students with an external locus of control, because of locating their control outside themselves, those students with external locus control feel that they have less control over their fate. These college students tend to be more stressed and are prone to clinical depression. With internals they exhibit two essential characteristics which are the high achievement motivation and low-directedness. This basis of the locus of control was proposed by Rotter in 1966 (Baum, 1997). Rotter’s undimensionality has been challenged by Levension who argued that different dimensions of locus of control like the belief that events in ones life are self-determined are chance based and organized by others. Locus of control has impact upon smoking behavior among college students. A study indicated that, smokers who tend to resume smoking after are among college students who have external locus of control. Those students who persistently avoid cigarettes believe that they have a great power of control over their lives compared to those who resume smoking (Baum, 1997). Disability among the students can be associated to development of external locus of control. This is accelerated by impairment, where it affects individual’s ability to cope with daily activities. This implies those able to handle their daily activities can develop internal locus of control. Acknowledgement of their conditions and contentment with what the can achieve in their conditions builds an internal locus of control. This increases with appreciation and encouragement from the entire society. Locus of control has a lot of influences on sexual behaviors of college students. Individuals with external locus of control are more likely to involve themselves sin more risky sexual practices. Conclusion Academically, a person who expects to pass will be motivated to learn; will seek in formation and likely to have good study habits and a positive academic attitude. A person with an external locus of control attributes his success to luck or fate and makes less effort to learn. He will experience anxiety because he believes he is not in control of his life. The students with an internal locus of control have better adjustments to college in term of academic achievement and social adjustment. This is cause by a strong inner being and the understanding that he has an upper hand in his life. They are able to live with people from all walks of life because they know what can affect them is the decisions they themselves make (Viorst, 1999). Reference: Baum Andrew (1997): Cambridge Handbook of Psychology, Health and Medicine; ISBN 0521436869, Cambridge University Press. Dille, B. & Mezack, M. (1991): Identifying predictors of high risk among community college telecourse students. American Journal of Distance Education 5 (1), 24-35. Haworth. John & Iso-Ahola. S (1997): Work, Leisure and Well-being; ISBN 0415017033, Routledge. Hock, H. R. (2001): Forty Studies that Changed Psychology (4th ed). New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Holt, C. L. , Clark, E. M. , & Kreuter, M. W. (2001): Weight locus of control and weightrelated attitudes and behaviors in an overweight population. Addictive Behaviors, 26, 329-340. Njus, D. M. & Brockway, J. H. (1999): Perceptions of competence and locus of control for positive and negative outcomes. Personality and Individual Differences 26, 531-548. Pugliese, R. R. (1994): Telecourse persistence and psychological variables. American Journal of Distance Education, 8 [3], 22-39. Robinson, J. P. (1991): Measure of Personality and Social Psychological Attitudes. San Diego: Academic Press Viorst Judith (1999): Imperfect Control: Our Lifelong Struggles with Power and Surrender; ISBN 0684848147, Simon & Schuster.

ECCB & Property Development in Malaysia Essay

Marketers are either directly or indirectly involved in the efforts to promote environmentally conscious behavior amongst the consumers with a view to addressing the global concerns about the global warming (Rauschelbach, 2002). Governments have come up with various policies on climate change that companies and corporations, both national and multinational, must comply with. Consumers in Malaysia and other countries have started being environment conscious by consuming environmentally friendly products (Woolley & Kimmins). The environmentally conscious consumer behavior is a way the consumers ensure that environment around them is preserved, especially in view of escalating challenges of garbage disposal and depletion of the available natural resources. It is important to note that consumers are involved in environmentally conscious consumption because they have acknowledged personal responsibility for the environmental pollution problem (Hoyer, 2008). The influence on consumers to adopt the approach of environmentally friendly consumption has been enhanced by media campaigns organized by various stakeholders in collaboration with relevant government institutions. Producing and supplying environmentally friendly products is one of the effective selling points for most corporations all over the world. This paper will therefore discuss ways in which property development companies can target and then position themselves into the growing market arising from Environmentally Conscious Consumer Behavior in Malaysia. How property development companies can target and then, position themselves into the growing market arising from the ECCB in Malaysia Producing eco-friendly products is one of the most important promotional points for the 21st century corporations. This is facilitated by the fact that most product consumers in Malaysia are increasingly becoming aware of the need to conserve the environment, especially with respect to climate change; and the trend is the same all over the world. Consequently, this has resulted into a market where consumers are more drawn to environmentally friendly products than ever. Going by the statistics provided by the United Nations Environmental Programme (2007) property developments industry contributes approximately 30%-40% of the total global carbon dioxide emission arising from energy consumption. Coupled with the market arising from Environmentally Conscious Consumer Behavior, the property development sector is forced to reconsider the products it avails to the consumers in the property market. There are arrange of options available to the property developers in Malaysia that can enable them to target and position themselves in the Malaysian market arising from Environmentally Conscious Consumer Behavior. It is important to note that consumers are increasingly becoming concerned about global warming and one way through which they can effective participate is by holding producers accountable to global warming paying attention to whether the production process leads to increased greenhouse gas emissions (Fischer & Black, 1995). One of the ways through which the property development companies in Malaysia can use to target and position themselves in Malaysian market is reducing energy usage for the property in offer. The companies can ensure the lighting systems in their property utilize more environmental friendly energy sources. For instance, they can face out the use of traditional incandescent bulbs and replace them with compact fluorescent lighting tubes (Kelly, 2009). It is also crucial to note that a larger percentage of energy consumptions take place during the period buildings are in use than during the construction process. The energy usage during the life time of a building, energy usage may include heating, ventilation, cooling and lighting amongst other energy using appliances. In order to target and position themselves in the Malaysian property market, the companies can adopt the use of the most advanced technologies like thermal insulation, utilize solar shading and also fit their property with energy efficient appliances (Kelly, 2009). The Standards and Industrial Research Institute of Malaysia (SIRIM) came up with a labeling program in which products are verified as environmentally friendly. The property companies ensure that they purchase their fittings from such suppliers whose products are genuinely labeled as environment friendly; this should be informed by the fact that as many of Malaysian consumers as possible are becoming aware of the labeling programme and hence are cautious with their consumption behavior. Besides, this can be reinforced by engaging more in environmental campaigns to convince the consumers that they seriously committed to the conservation of environment and its resources (Abdullah, 1999). The materials used in constructing property are very crucial in terms of environmental concerns. The property companies should use non-toxic construction materials that do not contain chemicals and substances like mercury and the in the process of marketing they should emphasize on such characteristics. Moreover, it is important to note that environment conservation groups are slowly increasing in number; these groups have attracted the attention of the advertising firms. It is of great benefit for property companies in Malaysia to use these groups and or advertise through the firms that have strong link with such groups (Wells, 2007). Disposal of household wastes are an important component of environmental conservation. Property companies should ensure that their buildings are equipped with safe, efficient and eco-friendly means of disposing wastes. This may include mobile waste bins which can be emptied in a track and waste transported to appropriate places. In addition to this, the sewerage systems should also encourage hygiene and have no health risks which are some of the major concerns for most consumers (Snyder, 2000). There are also a number of activities that companies can initiate and support amongst the Malaysian communities. They can fund eco-friendly initiatives like planting of trees and facilitating research towards finding alternative energy sources. Again, the companies can ensure that their property is located in a clean neighborhood. This has the potential to attract more of the Environmentally Conscious Consumers (ECC). Conclusion Environmentally Conscious Consumer Behavior has had significant effects on how property companies strategize on penetrating the market. The companies have to ensure their products are environmentally friendly so as to attract the Malaysian property buyers. However, there are range strategies that can assist the companies in targeting and positioning themselves in the Malaysian property market where consumers are increasing getting concerned with the conservation of environment. When the buildings are constructed with harmless materials which do not contain chemicals and substances like mercury, the companies are highly likely to get more buyers. Moreover, with label identity policy for eco-friendly products in Malaysia, most consumers will check on such labels before finally making purchase. It is therefore imperative that property companies should partner with such suppliers whose products meet the labeling standards (Abdullah, 1999). The companies can also ensure that lighting systems in their property are energy efficient. Instead of using the traditional lighting bulbs like incandescent, the companies can fit their buildings with energy efficient fluorescent tubes (Kelly, 2009). Besides, they can also support environment conservation initiatives in communities; this can also include using advertising firms that have strong links with environment conservation groups. References Abdullah, M. (1999). Small and medium enterprises in Malaysia: policy issues and challenges. Malaysia: Ashgate. Fischer, F. & Black, M. (1995). Greening environmental policy: the politics of a sustainable future. United States: Palgrave Macmillan. Hoyer, D. , et al. (2008). Consumer Behavior. London: Cengage Learning. Kelly, D. (2009). Community planning: an introduction to the comprehensive plan. U. S: Island Press. Rauschelbach, B. (2002). Cooperating for sustainable tourism: proceedings of the Forum International at the Reisepavillon, 2002. U. S: Kasparek Verlag. Snyder, C. (2000). Union County, Pennsylvania: a celebration of history. U. S: Penn State Press. United Ntaions Environmental Programme. (March 2007). Environment for development. Retrieved from: http://www. unep. org/Documents. Multilingual/Default. asp? DocumentID=502&ArticleID=5545&l=en[Accessed August 24, 2010]. Wells, W. (2007). Blueprint for greening affordable housing. United States: Island Press. Woolley, T. & Kimmins, S. (2000). Green building handbook: a guide to building products and their impact on the environment, Volume 2. New York: Taylor & Francis.

The Failed Inventions of Thomas Alva Edison

The Failed Inventions of Thomas Alva Edison Thomas Alva Edison held 1,093 patents for different inventions. Many of them, like the lightbulb, the phonograph, and the motion picture camera, were brilliant creations that have a huge influence on our everyday life. However, not everything he created was a success; he also had a few failures. Edison, of course, had a predictably inventive take on the projects that didn’t quite work the way he expected. â€Å"I have not failed 10,000 times, â€Å" he said, â€Å"I’ve successfully found 10,000 ways that will not work.† Electrographic Vote Recorder The inventor’s first patented invention was an electrographic vote recorder to be used by governing bodies. The machine let officials cast their votes and then quickly calculated the tally. To Edison, this was an efficient tool for government. But politicians didn’t share his enthusiasm, apparently fearing the device might limit negotiations and vote trading.   Cement One concept that never took off was Edisons interest in using cement to build things. He formed the Edison Portland Cement Co. in 1899 and made everything from cabinets (for phonographs) to pianos and houses. Unfortunately, at the time, concrete was too expensive and the idea was never accepted. The cement business wasnt a total failure, though. His company was hired to build Yankee Stadium in the Bronx. Talking Pictures From the beginning of the creation of motion pictures, many people tried to combine film and sound to make talking motion pictures. Here you can see to the left an example of an early film attempting to combine sound with pictures made by Edisons assistant, W.K.L. Dickson. By 1895, Edison had created the Kinetophone- a Kinetoscope (peep-hole motion picture viewer) with a phonograph that played inside the cabinet. Sound could be heard through two ear tubes while the viewer watched the images. This creation never really took off, and by 1915 Edison abandoned the idea of sound motion pictures. Talking Doll One invention Edison had was just too far ahead of its time: The Talking Doll. A fill century before Tickle Me Elmo became a talking toy sensation, Edison imported dolls from Germany and inserted tiny phonographs into them. In March 1890, the dolls went on sale.  Customers complained that the dolls were too fragile and when they worked, the recordings sounded awful. The toy bombed. Electric Pen Trying to solve the problem of making copies of the same document in an efficient manner, Edison came up with an electric pen. The device, powered by a battery and small motor, punched small holes through paper to create a stencil of the document you were creating on wax paper and make copies by rolling ink over it.   Unfortunately, the pens weren’t, as we say now, user-friendly. The battery required maintenance, the $30 price tag was steep, and they were noisy. Edison abandoned the project.

Symbolic Model of Leadership Essays

Symbolic Model of Leadership Essays Symbolic Model of Leadership Essay Symbolic Model of Leadership Essay Am I too old/young? , Will the locals chase me out? Are there sharks swimming around out there? , and Do you think I will really be able to stand up? . The laidback cultural lifestyle of surfers helps put any stress at ease. XXSS instructors explain how the lessons are conduc ed t , discuss any possible but unlikely dangers, and reassure guests that they will have the time of their life experiencing a culture that is sometimes misunderstood. The instructors all look the part bikinis and board shorts and have such a great enthusiasm for their Job because they get to share an important part of their lifestyle ith others. They have a style of language that they use with the guests that often bring humor to the experience. Using slang terms such as Hangloose, Knarly Ride, Rad Wave, and giving the Shaka are all part of the show and guests love it. They repeat these sayings and flash the Shaka back (or if they are Japanese its usually the Peace sign). While out in the line up, the instructors explain about some of the misconceptions of the surf culture and the proper etiquette to use out in the line-up. By educating the guests of the surf etiquette, it opens up a whole new vision to the culture and tereotypes associated with surfing. Something as simple as knowing which surfer has the right of way when dropping in on a wave can make a huge difference in whether they may experience localism (or being yelled at) in the water. However, most of the surf breaks in Waikiki are known as beginner areas and the locals out there will respect that, unless your being a kook, or someone who has no respect for others and their safety in the water. The backdrop of the stage is the beautiful, clear, blue Pacific Ocean. While waiting for a set to roll in, guests are enamored by the scenery that you can only ppreciate from the perspective you get being out on the ocean. From the skyline of Waikiki, to the beautiful mountains, to the peak of Diamondhead Crater, they get to immerse themselves right in the middle of the culture of the Islands of Hawaii as well. The instructors can tell some of the stories and legends of how the volcano was formed, point out the surf break the famous Duke surfed at, and if the guests are lucky, they can meet Moku the resident Green Sea Turtle who frequents the area. instructors are knowledgeable about the formations of the reef and how that effects when and how the waves break. They are taught certain aspects of the surf culture not only so that it may be appreciated and better understood, but also so it may invite newcomers to love and respect the sport. Some have even gone as far as changing their own lifestyle so they can embrace the surf lifestyle as their own. Unfortunately, this isnt always feasible for everyone, but at least with XXSS, they offer visitors a chance to at least bring some of the culture home with them. Inside the shop, Swag or surf apparel with the XXSS logo can be purchased such as t-shirts or hats and young kids can get temporary tattoos (which they love to stick ll over their bodies). Exclusive to XXSS, guests have the option to take home some sick photos or a totally rad DVD of their experience. Each lesson that goes out is photographed and filmed by XXSSs partner editing company, which customizes photos and DVDs to take home with them. Each video showcases the entire experience from the land lesson to their first ride to the high five from the instructor at the end. The personal mini documentary encompasses shots of the island and some sea creatures and captures every exciting moment of the guests experience. It is burned to a play list of music from the surf culture and can include songs such as, Wipeout by the Surfaris, Surf Song by Jack Johnson, and Sweet Honey by Slightly Stoopid XXSSs visitors enjoy taking home a keepsake ot their adventure and will show the DVD to friends and family and many of their photos are displayed on media sites such as blogs and Facebook. Not only do the guests get to take home and share the surf school culture with others, it help stimulate more business for XXSS and aid in its success. Embracing culture is very important for XXSS to be successful. Someone who is seeking out surfing lessons would not want to walk into an office building and find their instructor behind a cubicle waiting for them. They would not want someone who is sitting behind a desk most of the day to change out of their suit and tie and take them on a business ride. Parents come to XXSS to find safe, knowledgeable surfers to take their kids out; women come to find that hot surf boy-next-door to paddle them out; and guys want cute chics in bikinis carrying surfboards around. It is all part of the lifestyle and culture surrounding most surf schools. But the ones who are successful, are the ones who are fun, safe, have enthusiasm, and Spirit which is the essence of high performance (Boleman Deal, 2008, pg. 290). Symbolic perspectives may question traditional views on how to build a team, but finding the right people and combining the symbols of play, teamwork, ritual, stories, and myth will certainly enhance it (Boleman Deal, 2008, pg. 290). XXSS prides most of its success with the high praise and reviews the organization receives from the guests and from people stopping by because they read the reviews or say that XXSS as recommended to them. Most importantly, the visitors who return to Hawaii year after year and come surf with XXSS year after year are the most valuable because those are the ones who make it all worthwhile. They are the ones who really fell in love with surfing and they are the ones to embrace and share in its beautiful and special cultural style. XXSS has a team of instructors (owner included) who form a community, share culture, find meaning in their work and most importantly, they have Soul. Peak performance will emerge as a team discovers it Soul (Boleman Deal, 2008, pg. 291). Surfers around the world have the Spirit and the Soul to do what they do. Combine that with people who love to teach and share those things, then you will have a fun, exciting place to learn about the world of surfing Just like youd find at XXSS. In the words of the Surfer Dude on catching a great ride: Its Just like Dude, you get the best barrels ever, dude. Its Just like, you pull in and you Just get spitted outem. You Just drop in, smack the lip Waapah! Just drop drown Swoopah! And then after that you Just drop in, ride the barrel and get pitted, sooo pitted.

Simon Everly PLC Financial analysis and decision making Essay

Simon Everly PLC Financial analysis and decision making - Essay Example INTERPRETATION OF LIQUIDITY RATIOS Liquidity of an organization is its ability to meet its short term duties (obligations), and it is amongst the major measures of organizations’ financial health (Brigham & Ehrhardt 2011). The liquidity ratios for Simon Everly PLC determined in this task involved: Current Ratio and Acid Test Ratio. Interpretation of the Current Ratio This ratio shows the ability of an organization to pay its short liabilities using its short term Assets (Brigham & Ehrhardt 2011). Current ratios of orgainzations should be equal to or more one (1). If the ratio is either equal to one (1) or more than one (1), the organization is capable of satisfying its short term obligations using its current Assets (Brigham & Ehrhardt 2011). A current ratio that is less than 1 (one), on the other hand, means that cannot satisfy the needs of its short term liabilities, and therefore, is facing liquidity problems (Brigham & Ehrhardt 2011). Simon Everly’s Current Ratio Th e current ratios for the organization as of the 2011/12 and 2010/2011 financial years were shown in the below: Current Ratio as of 2011/12 Financial year was 1.72. Current Ratio as of 2010/11 Financial year was 1.94. ... This shows that even though the organization’s current ratio liquidity was more than one (1), it was on the down trend, and if proper actions are not taken on time the organization may be faced with liquidity problems in future. The consequences of this downward trend can be solved by the proposed strategy to obtain more funds for additional investments. Interpretation of the Acid Test Ratio The use of current ratio alone is not sufficient to determine liquidity for organisations since it involve certain current assets such as inventory that may be hard to convert to cash. Therefore, Acid test ratio which eliminates these assets (Assets that are difficult to convert into cash such as inventories) will give the real picture of the organization’s liquidity (financial health) (Thukaram 2007). Its interpretation is same as that of current ratio. That is, if it is more than one the organization is financially healthy in terms of liquidity and vice versa if it is less than on e (Thukaram 2007). Simon Everly’s Acid Test Ratio The Acid Test ratios for the organization as of the 2011/12 and 2010/2011 financial years were shown in the below: Acid Test Ratio as of 2011/12 Financial year was 0.9055 Acid Test Ratio as of 2010/11 Financial year was 1.19. While the Acid Test Ratio for 2010/11 Financial year was more than one (favourable, 1.19), the one for 2011/12 Financial year was less than one (unfavourable, 0.9055). This means the organization was able to meet the all obligations of short term liabilities using its current assets during the 2010/11 financial year. As of the financial year 2011/12 the organization’s liquidity was questionable. Therefore, necessary actions are required in order to improve the organization’s liquidity. It is suggested that the

Connexin Degradation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Connexin Degradation - Essay Example This essay seeks to explain in details, the connexin degradation mechanisms of three pathways. These pathways to be discussed are: lysosomal, ubiquitin/proteasome and autophagy. Lysosomal pathway Participation of lysosomes and endocytosis in the deprivation of gap junction plaque was planned 20 years ago. This was after the examination of intracellular vesicle-like configurations which are double-membrane, similar to gap junctions in conduction of electron micrographs. This is a research which was carried out to check on how lysosomes can be a pathway to connexin degradation. This was done by looking at the effect to the half-life of the connexins in order to find out how and to which degree they do cause degradation of connexin. These structures were referred to as annular gap junctions. The first descriptions of these structures were made available by Bjorkman from the granulosa units of life of the ovarian follicle. These gap junctions have been experimented in several dissimilar cell types. They have spacing between their particles which are clearly observed in the gap junctions. They can as well be decked out with antibodies that are anti-connexin. Various approaches have been used for verification that some of these annular gap junction outline correspond to gap junctions who are internalized instead of the cross-sections of invaginations or interdigitations of gap junction plaques. The interdigitations of gap junction plaques include sequential sectioning or lack of classification of the intercellular gap by lanthanum and freeze-fracture replicas. Research also suggests that Tyr286 is as well involved in targeting Cx43 for the process of connexin degradation by the lysosomal pathway Ubiquitin/proteasome pathway Investigation on this pathway was first done by James and Eric where they give explanation on how it relates to degradation of connexins. They carried out research on degradation of the protein connexin43 in cardiomyocyte-derived cells and the E36 Chinese ovary cells. Results from the tests show that lysosome plays a minor role in the proteolysis of connexin43 while ubiquitin antibodies play a major role in the degradation of connexin43 (Laing and Beyer, 10-13). This is because when the two tests were done, it was found out that the lysosome contributes in increasing the half-life of the connexin. This gives a clear impression that lysosome helps to increase the formation of gap junction which is significant in formation of family proteins required in the body. Ubiquitin on the other hand, reduces the half-life of the connexin. This gives a clear impression that it contributes in reducing the formation of gap junction. The reduction in this case, in turn reduces the amount of family proteins formed, making it impossible for physiological processes to take place in the body as expected. Autophagy pathway This is a degradation pathway which is known to have been implicated in a number of diseases and may be stimulated by cellu lar stresses for instance starvation. Research shows that connexins that are cytoplasmic are cup-shaped or ring shaped and are enclosed by structures that contain autophagy-related protein which is the LC3. There are other connexins colocalized with p62, a protein that may as well serve as a freight receptor for autophagic deprivation. Starvation is one of the situations which lead to reduction of connexins.